Педагошки факултет, 76 300 Бијељина, Семберских ратара 1E
THE FOLK SONG AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN TEACHING MUSIC CLASSES IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
This paper highlights the importance of folk songs and dances in the teaching the subject of Music and examines their role in the musical development of students with various aspects. The cultural tradition of Bosnia & Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska have produced a large number of folk songs and dances. The wealth of melodies and rhythms, movements and steps build a relationship towards their own and other people's cultural heritage. Folk tunes (tracks) have their language (content) melodic and rhythmic specificity, which carry the characteristics of the music of the people from whom they have originated. The folk song has survived and experienced a certificate, passing through many generation and becoming part of the heritage of the people of a certain geographical area. Methodical examination and updating the folk songs and dances contributes to the affirmation of the role of traditional music in an organized system of teaching music. The tasks of teaching music are musical literacy of students and encouraging the development of musical abilities. After many years of artistic work and research, prominent musical educators have come to the conclusion that the use of folk songs and dances are the most natural way in the initial set of musical literacy. The work on the musical development of students must rely on the roots of folk singing, and that is why the starting point in music literacy must be the people's tonal bases (rhythmic and melodic).
Copyright (c) 2016 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
VOCAL-INSTRUMENTAL ENSEMBLES IN WORKING WITH CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AND EARLY SCHOOL AGE
The aim of the research is to determine level of active participation of preschool and younger school children in vocal-instrumental ensembles, under the musical activities and trough the curriculum of the subject of Music Culture. Research included one hundred young school aged examinees ( fifty girls and fifty boys) which were 5-6 years old at the time of the research and one hundred young school aged examinees (fifty-one girls and forty-nine boys) which were in the second grade at the moment of research. The main goal of this research is to examine representation vocal-instrumental ensembles and level of knowledge with respect to gender. The study includes a vocal performance of songs and precision of playing the rhythmic instruments. The results have shown that there are statistically significant differences in demonstrated skills of vocalinstrumental performing of music among preschool examinees (girls and boys) and second graders examinees (girls and boys). Based on the results of c2 test, it is concluded that there are differences in demonstrated skills of vocal-instrumental performing of music among preschool examinees (girls and boys) and second graders examinees (girls and boys), with respect to gender.
THE APPLICATIVE DEPLOYMENT OF DIDACTIC MEDIA OF INTERACTIVE WHITEBOARD IN SERBIAN GRAMMAR TEACHING
In this paper we will present the mode of innovative methodical application for one of the subjects from the Serbian morphology. The paper also includes the methodical procedures which were taken as the basis for the creation of methodical application for learning about grammatical categories in Serbian language. It was developed with the help of Notebook software suitable for the realisation of teaching on an interactive whiteboard. The aim of this research was to present the effective learning by using the innovative media, then to offer a model for organizing the future successful teaching of Serbian morphology subjects to the teachers, and thirdly, to enforce the deployment of new technologies into the teaching, which refers primarily to the interactive whiteboard and Notebook software, because they enable a more successful preparation of teaching contents and consequently more effective learning and adoption of communication and linguistic competencies by students. According to the all above-mentioned, the general goal of this research is the permanent stimulation of students curiosity about their native language, Serbian by applying information and communication technologies in teaching process, and also respecting the contemporary didactic-methodical principles, legitimacy and methods.
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PERSONALITY TRAITS AS PREDICTORS OF JOB SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEES IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
The aim of this paper is to determine which dimensions from the Big Five model represent significant predictors of job satisfaction of employees in primary education that was surveyed by MSQ. The sample consisted of 350 teachers and principals from primary schools in Loznica (70% of female examinees). It also included Categorical variables: gender, workplace and length of working experience were included, too. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was applied. Categorical variables constitute the first block of predictors, whereas personality traits constitute the second one. The results show that categorical variables explain 7% of the variability of intrinsic job satisfaction and personality traits explain 14%. Partial contributions of gender and length of working experience are significant, so as partial contributions of dimensions: conscientiousness, extraversion and openness to experience are significant, too. Categorical variables do not contribute to differences in extrinsic job satisfaction. Personality dimensions explain 11% of the variability of extrinsic job satisfaction. Openness to experience and agreeableness has significant, but negative impact on extrinsic satisfaction. The research results are useful in the selection of human resources and the choice of methods of motivating employees.
FIELD WORK IN FOLKLORE TRADITION STUDIES AND UNIVERSITY TEACHING
If well-conceived in terms of methodology, field work engaging students concerned with folklore tradition may result in benefits for both the students and the field of study. In essence, field work makes it possible for students to gain practical experience and develop skills necessary for designing and carrying out an independent field research. Students are provided with an opportunity to gain insight into some basics of field work, to classify and analyze, as well as to observe laws governing the processes in the field. In addition, this sort of practical experience facilitates understanding of the concept of non-material cultural heritage, and helps them fully comprehend its significance in terms of ethnic identity. Although their individual observations, fragmentary in themselves, cannot be taken as a general conclusion, they can point to possible directions of research in both language and literature.
MULTICULTURAL MUSIC EDUCATION IN THE PROCESS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
Music education and education in general play an important role in learning the cultural heritage of one’s own nation and in strengthening national identity. The United Europe has been creating an increasingly homogenous and multicultural society, which is facing the problem of migrations. Understanding and accepting differences and diversity is a prerequisite for life in European multicultural community, where above all mutual respect is repeatedly emphasised. Multicultural education endeavours for equal opportunities in the education of all children in all areas irrespective of the differences such as race, ethnic affiliation, social background, and other categories. It creates the circumstances for equitable education of all children. The goals of multicultural education are clear and represent an ideal both for teachers, parents, and children. The process of their implementation is gradual and long-term. The development of multicultural community in Europe is a reality and a future, and on this way education systems including the multicultural music education will play an important role.
ACQUISITION OF COMPETENCIES IN VISUAL ARTS THROUGH OUT-OFSCHOOL AND EXTRACURRICULAR PROJECT AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
The action research titled ‘The Color Week’ involved students of the Petar Kočić Gymnasium in Novi Grad and the Sveti Sava Grammar School in Prijedor, who learnt firsthand about colors, their meaning and psychological impact on individuals and surroundings, with the aim of reducing their own and other people’s prejudices toward colors and connecting them to their personal experiences. The participants kept diaries, in which they wrote about their daily experiences. Several methods of work were used in the research, such as teamwork, support groups, action-directed method and problem solving. The results mostly point out there is insufficient knowledge of colors in our communities, generally reserved and unwilling to accept otherness and change, and thus profile both our society and the individuals that comprise it. Schools must be aware of their obligation to develop young people’s thinking skills as the only way to prepare them for life in the future.
CHILDREN'S ARTISTIC CREATIVITY – MEANING AND SIGNIFICANCE
Children's artistic expression is one of the main forms of development of the whole child's personality. As such, it is an important means to express children’s needs. In this paper we tried to approach the meaning and importance of children's art in the educational process and beyond. The problem of interpretation of children's art works encouraged many educators, psychologists and artists to explore the specifics of artistic expression of children that are associated with the personality of the little artist, his age and level of development in general. Visual expression helps children to express internal content, to develop the ability of observation, representation, self-confidence, perseverance, work discipline, a sense of culture and aesthetic experience. To understand children's artistic expression is a reliable door to enter the child's world and the development of the child's personality.
DIAGNOSTICS OF NUMERICAL CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS IN THE FINDINGS OF FETAL KARYOTYPE IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Chromosomal aberrations represent a deviation from the normal number of chromosomes, or normal structure and can be divided into numerical and structural, which can affect autosomal and sex chromosomes. The most common autosomal numerical disorder in live born children is Down syndrome (DS), which is by its phenotypic caracteristics recognizable at birth. Other trisomies, which are compatible with the survival rate are Patau Syndrome and Edwards Syndrome. Chromosomal analysis usually reveals a classic trisomy, with Patau syndrome, trisomy 13, and in Edwards', trisomy 18. The most common chromosomal diseases of sex chromosomes are Klinefelter syndrome (KS) with chromosome constitution 47, XXY, and Turner syndrome with only one X chromosome (45, X), mainly inherited from the mother. Prenatal diagnostics of 3113 samples 1.16% of all numerical aberrations was found, of which 0.98% aberrations are related to autosomal chromosomes, and 0.015% aberrations are detected in sex chromosomes.
The paper presents the results of research of dendroflora potential of national park ''Drina''. National Park "Drina" is located in the eastern part of the Republic of Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the municipality of Srebrenica. It covers the area of the Starih Vlaha and part of the area of Dinara Mountain. Taxonomic analysis found 112 species, which are grouped into 6 genera and 31 families. According to the geographical distribution the most common species are from submediteran, euroasian, subatlantic areal group. Exceptional values of the area are the presence of Serbian spruce, endemic and tertiary relict species.
HABITAT TYPES AND SPECIES OF VELIKA TIŠINA SWAMP PROPOSED FOR NATURA 2000
This paper shows the potential of Natura 2000 Tišina area. Tišina is situated in the municipality of Šamac in the Republic of Srpska and municipalities Domaljevac- Šamac, belonging to Posavina Canton in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Studies have classified these habitats in this way: 3130 Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation Littorelletea uniflorae and/or Isoeto-Nanojuncetea, 3150 Natural eutrophic lakes with vegetation type Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition, 3270 Rivers with muddy coast overgrown vegetation Chenopodion rubri p.p and Bidentition p.p., 91E0 Forests broadleaves on fluvisol and 91F0 lowland forests of hardwoods.
SCIENCE LESSONS IN TEACHING SCIENCE AND SOCIETY
The first part of the paper deals with theoretical basis of classroom teaching and teaching of Nature and Society. In the second part of the paper we analyze the attitudes and opinions of educators on competences for the realization of classroom teaching and teaching of Nature and Society, its impact on quality of work and motivation of students and the problems that teachers encounter in practice. The study included 140 educators from the territory of the municipalities of Bijeljina, Ugljevik, Lopare, Modrica, Doboj, Zvornik and Sekovici. The research results show that outdoor education is not sufficiently represented in the teaching of Science and Society in relation to motivation of students and the quality of knowledge through learning in a natural environment. The reasons for this situation can be seen in the attitudes of educators in which they highly evaluate their competence in theoretical knowledge of classroom teaching and its planning, but only concerning preparation for the implementation of classroom teaching and the evaluation phase of work while systematization of data or material collected in the field are the stages which were ignored or they are not given enough importance. The most common problems in the implementation of learning in a natural environment are related to lack of motivation of teachers and the great influence of traditional teaching, as well as to insufficient experience in the preparation and organization and difficulties in realizing these classes.
CENSUS CHANGE OF THE POPULATION ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA IN THE PERIOD 1991-2013
After 22 years since the last census, in 2013, the Republic of Srpska completed the census of population, households and dwellings. This area has an extremely heterogeneous demographic characteristics. Two thirds of the population are concentrated in the west of the Brcko District, while the rest of the population belongs to the eastern part, south of Raca on the Sava river to the south of Trebinje and Eastern Herzegovina. Although the whole Republic of Srpska is relatively sparsely populated area (about 54 inhabitants per km²), within this area there are large, and even extreme differences in population density. Analysis of the regional distribution of the population suggests a marked concentration of population in the Banja Luka region, which is spacious and greatest. The minimum number of inhabitants is in the hilly and mountainous regions. This is the result of many years of leaving the region, which was intense even earlier, and in the last war (1992-1995) it happened even faster and in some areas population density was brought to the critical level.
ACTION RESEARCH IN TEACHING OF GEOGRAPHY
It is essential that teachers of geography attempt to explore the possibilities and efficiency (primarily in terms of active teaching). The application of the school geographical polygons in teaching geography and related sciences continues. There is no doubt that the geographic polygons have an important role in the development of functional knowledge of students. However, in Serbia, there are only isolated examples of several planning school geographical polygons. Оorganization of teaching in geographical equipped laboratories outdoors are particularly concerned with methodologists in the former USSR and Russia, the theoretical analysis of the role of teaching geography an "open sky", which represent a significant source of information and idea. There are examples of practical action i.e. planning geographical polygons in schoolyards. There are positive examples of equipping geographical polygons in some schools in Serbia, which certainly affects the modernization and adaptation of geography teaching contemporary needs of students. Some schools in Serbia have in their schoolyards one or two elements that can be found on the geographic polygons (usually solar clocks and / or signposts), which can act as a good incentive for teachers of geography to encourage the implementation of the other elements of geographical polygons backyard these schools. Some of these schools are: "Banovic Strahinja" elementary school in Belgrade, "Žikica Jova nović-Hispanic" and "Andrija Rašo" elementary schools in Valjevo, "Sonja Marinkovic" elementary school in Zrenjanin and high school center in the town of Strpce in the far south of Serbia etc. One way to achieve this is to use an approach that is oriented to practical work, micro research, action research and field work. Such an approach, however, is not easy to implement because the practical part of the program at the school does not have the necessary equipment, which prevents organizing practical work and direct observation of nature. Geographical polygon is a kind of geographical laboratory under the open-sky. The main objective of the school geographical polygon is acquiring practical skills in teaching and learning geography. The polygon can contain various instruments, especially those for the formation of the spatial pre-bet instruments used in the formation of spatial orientation skills, astronomical equipment, meteorological equipment, etc.
THE FUNCTION OF GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION SKILLS IN ELEMENTARY GRADES
Geography in elementary grades is often interesting, but it also very often leads to problems in adopting the multitude of information which is for children's understanding of space and the world very confusing. In order for students to successfully adopt these skills, they must first understand the basic geographic concepts. The aim of the research is to analyze the curriculum in order to identify geographic features and their classification in the elementary grades and determine their influence on the formation of geographical logical thinking in students. The basic hypothesis is based on the assumption that the curriculum for primary education in the Republic of Srpska in the elementary grades, should be enriched with contents of geographic character that should be presented by relevant textbooks. We included more subjects as sample surveys which are: My environment in the first grade, Nature and Society in the second, third, and fourth grade and of Nature and Knowledge of Society in the fifth grade.
PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION OF PARENTS TO IMPROVE PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN KINDERGARTENS AND FAMILIES
Preschool institutions, in addition to family education, should actively work to improve the partnership with the family, based on mutual respect, mutual awareness and common interest - the development of the child in its full potential. The author deals with pedagogical education of parents in modern conditions of life, as the most important segment of the partnership between family and preschools. The role of teachers, professional services and management of kindergartens is crucial, especially when planning partnerships. The paper emphasizes the need for a well thought-out program of pedagogical education of parents, based on the achievements of modern science - pedagogy, psychology and neuroscience.
ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF FAMILY IN SELF-IMAGE DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS
Adolescence is characterized as a period when young people begin to explore and examine the psychological characteristics of themselves in order to discover who they really are and how they fit into the social world in which they live. This period of time represent a turning point in developing of self-image which is, according to Havleka, "the totality of the persons contents, thoughts, feelings and evaluations and predictions about himself as experiential object and as a participant in the interaction with the physical and social environment" (Havelka, 1992, p. 175). The role of the peers in adolescent period is indisputable. Because of, conditionally speaking, weakening of family influence in the developimg of self-image in this period of time, the subject of our interest were role and importance of the socio-cultural and personal characteristics directly related to the family, while building self-image. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to analyze the sociocultural and personal characteristics such as family structure, birth order, family relationships, financial situation, parent education and family type and determine their connection with developing of self-image of adolescents.
PRESCHOOL EDUCATORS’ COMPETENCE FOR PROMOTING COOPERATION WITH PARENTS
In 2000 the European Parliament in Lisbon issued a document entitled "Key Competences for Lifelong Learning - European Competence Framework". This document represents an important basis for the harmonization of EU education systems, especially in terms of quality standardization work on the acquisition of key competences of educators. All eight competencies that documenthas prescribed are relevant to all aspects and spheres of work and educational activities of teachers in kindergarten. The approach to this problem in this paper implies that all of these competencies are important for cooperation of teachers and parents in the realization of educational work in kindergarten.
MATHEMATICS TEXTBOOKS TASKS IN THE FUNCTION OF PROBLEM-SOLVING
Math problems can be considered to be the focus of all math textbooks because they provide a student with necessary tools to learn, practice, and verify the information learned. It is a well-known fact that math is learned by solving various math problems, in order to fully understand and grasp the concept. In addition, the quality of the problem is based on the amount of alternative methods shown, in order to appeal to students with all learning styles. In this paper, our aim was to examine the representation of tasks i mathematics textbooks that have the potential to cause a problem situation and thus contribute to problem solving.. By completing a meta-analysis on the literature, the problems were categorized and assessed on how approachable the problem would be to the average student. According to our findings from the textbook, every third problem had the potential to cause problems to a student. The teacher's job is to recognize these problems and work through them during class because it will lead the students to better understand the concepts, thereby furthering their knowledge of the subject matter.
THE QUESTIONS OF IDENTITY AND NATIONALITY IN THE POSTMODERN BRITISH NOVEL
In the post-colonial era the questions of identity and nationality have become complex and difficult to determine. This is so apparent in the post-war Britain which copes with the collapse of the Empire followed by the process of national redefinition, both in terms of the international status and in terms of the population structure. Novel, and literature in general, proved to be an excellent source for research of hybrid cultural forms that have emerged in England which is constantly changing and becoming a truly multicultural. However, this is not so simple story that celebrates Britain's diversity in cultural terms. The identities of immigrants described in the post-war novels are often vulnerable, and their experiences in the new society are painful. It is usually explained it by the transitional nature of the postcolonial expression in the twentieth century. Postcolonial identity should be properly understood as a process not as the arrival, while vulnerability may be explained by the hostile nature of the British and especially English society, which is usually described as insensitive and often ruthless to the goals of active multiculturalism. In such social and cultural circumstances, stereotypes and prejudices about the other nations and cultures have become inevitable, and the postcolonial concept of the “other” has reflected itself in all known forms of the racial, class, political and sexual diversities. Selected novels that give us a very vivid picture of postcolonial Britain and help us find the answers to the burning issues are The Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Kureishi, Arthur&George by Julian Barnes and Darkest England by Christopher Hope.
THE IMPACT OF THE TARGET CULTURE ON FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Introducing the target culture that is the culture of a specific foreign language country into the process of teaching and learning of that language has always been the subject of much debate. Foreign language teachers have found a way to get to know their students with the culture of the language the students learn and to introduce that culture into the teaching of a foreign language through various activities that are represented in textbooks and relate to the culture of the country whose language is taught. The aim of this paper is to examine not only the effect of introducing of such activities, and the attitude of students towards foreign language learning through activities dealing with the target culture (games, dialogues, video clips, comparing local and target culture). The conclusion is that performing these activities helps students not only to improve their communicative and linguistic competence of foreign language they learn but to become more aware of the different sensitive issues related to culture.
THE ANGLO-SERBIAN LANGUAGE IN INTERNET COMMUNICATION
The paper deals with the influence of English on the Serbian grammatical structure. The English language, as a global language, has influenced all other languages more considerably than any other language so far. Its great impact on the Serbian language leads to the hybridization of Serbian and appearance of the so called AngloSerbian language. That is the language which deviates from its norm trying to neutralize it. Our goal is to present all the grammatical deviations from the standard Serbian language norm in two channels of Internet communication – blogs and Facebook. Speaking about contacts between languages, it is a fact that the lexical level is most highly influenced. However, in this paper we tend to classify and analyze certain English syntactic structures that are reflected in the Serbian structures. Namely, such structures are expressed with the Serbian lexical material, which means that they are easily and non-critically accepted and incorporated into the Serbian language system. Using analytical and interpretative methods, we reach the conclusion that the observed Anglo-Serbian deviations are present in the analyzed corpus, and being inconspicuous they can be considered the greates threat for the Serbian language.
SERBIAN VOCABULARY OF VUK STEFANOVIĆ KARADŽIĆ AS A „VALUES PARADIGM” IN BOOK ABOUT ZMAJ BY LAZA KOSTIĆ
In this paper we are trying to define the attitude of Laza Kostić towards folk literature, by putting „Serbian Vocabulary” by Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, in the focus of interest. In one part of his critical-essayistic description, Laza Kostić represents „Sebian Vocabulary” as a value parameter. Taking a „Book about Zmaj” (1902) as an example, we can see to what extent this text affected him and how much it helped him in evaluation of the poetic work of Jovan Jovanović Zmaj. Evaluating the poetry of his “old friend”, Kostic often reffered to the „Vocabulary” and had finally established the theory that this featured book was the most relevant guide for evaluating poetic language of Zmaj.
LOVE AND LOVERS IN MOMO KAPOR`S SHORT STORIES
Love and sexuality are one of the motif-themed constants of Momo Kapor`s literary work creating among other things, an important component of the writer's understanding of life. The paper is based on an analysis of the ways of the structure and presentation of motives of love in Kapor`s "101 stories". Discovering the dominant poetic short stories by Momo Kapor, we can conclude that this writer by countering love to everyday stereotypes, primarily promotes normality, restoring love like a poetic feeling and sentiment. At the same time, the writer testifies to the burdens and temptations that love in a contemporary society becomes exposed to and deeply human dilemmas of his characters. In that way, love in short stories by Momo Kapor becomes the basis for a broader interpretation of indirect historical, cultural and political context. By telling such stories about love Kapor certainly stands in contrast with the modern tendencies of literary creation.
TALES AND LEGENDS AS INEVITABLE PART OF GROWING UP IN IVO ANDRIĆ`S SHORT STORIES FOR CHILDREN
This paper deals with fairy tale and legend as inevitable part of growing up of Andrić`s small hero characters in „On the coast” and „The Legend of rebellion” stories in which authentic narrative situation from our oral tradition has been reconstructed. Childhood in Andrić's narrative world is not a place of serenity and enjoyment but of bitter experiences that will remain for a lifetime. Analyzing two stories we show that as much as fairy tales and legends can be an inspiration for a young sensitive soul, they can even more poison that soul, too soon faced with the difficulty of existence.
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE SERBIAN LANGUAGE TODAY AND IN THE TIME OF VUK
Language, religion and writing are key aspects of a nation to secure national identity. What has happened to the Serbian language since the Second World War to the present day, and what damage it suffered as a central language, under the auspices of the South Slavic language community? Serbian science has neglected its national alphabet - the Cyrillic alphabet to show respect to other nations, and to give greater contribution to the false idea of "brotherhood and unity". The name of Serbo-Croatian language, was only used by Serbs, while the Croats called it Croation or Serbian language; so, the nomination consisted of two words, while the last one was never used. Omitting the word Serbian the Croats created overture for constituting the Croatian language. Unfortunately, the magazines for culture and science, which were printed in Cyrillic, were expelled in chronological order from Croatia and in this war were expelled their users too. How it all happened before the eyes of Serbian science and politics, it is very debatable. So, while the other nations were fighting for their identity, the Serbs were silently watching the collapse of Serbian institutions, the Serbian language, letter, and the Serbian identity itself.
Mythical physiognomy of the monstrous Cyclops, although extensively discussed in Homer's "Odyssey", functions as an unparalleled inter-textual pattern in world literary production. Despite the fact that in the general human subconscious Cyclops dominates as the authentic symbol of incredible cruelty, in the works of prominent writers this symbol is intertwined with anti-militarist resistance or existential despair. In this context, there is the novel "Cyclops" by Croatian essayists, writer and playwright Ranko Marinkovic. The writer's astute hero Melchior fought to expel the tyrant in pre-war Zagreb - the fear and Marinkovic in this work criticizes pathogenic depravity using delicate irony and sarcasm. Polyphonic dialogue structure occupies a prime location in the novel, and narrative frame appears as a solid background of associative data. Marinkovic's complex literary work shows European spiritual heritage, emphasizes condensed spirituality of mental game and sublime catharsis.
POPULATION EDUCATION AS A MODEL FOR DEMOGRAPHIC RECOVERY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
The aim of the research is to have an effect on demographic recovering of the Republic of Srpska by applying the new module. Demographic future of the Republic of Srpska is very uncertain in view of long term negative trends, low fertility rate measured by rate of total fertility, long term natural decrease of population. The modern scientific methods were used in this research (PERT, WBS metohods, CPM, multhi-multhi method etc.) through which an explicit results were found (creating awareness of the necessity of increased birth rate). Population development of the Republic of Srpska with very different regional characteristics is followed by problems that lead to undesirable demographic, economic and social consequences. The population is a base of all planning and it is not renewable by itself. Development planning and population restoration of Srpska is primary interest. The matter of the answer to problem of low birth rate is, however, extremely complex due to the lack of knowledge in terms of achieving the level of birth rate that is necessary for the renewal of generations. Experiences of developed countries suggests that regardless of the significant difference in economic, socio-political and value system, and also in institutional basis of population politics, there is also a significant degree of uniformity of goals, direction of measures and definitive term of applied measures. Maximum fortified effect is an increase in completed fertility up to 10%. Consideration of insufficient efficiency of measurements that are implemented indicates that political answer needs to be intensive, complete, exploratory, direct, long term and strategic. Population education is recognized as an important element of population policy. Activation of education as a key holder and actualizing of population education program is a basic purpose of this guide.
EDUCATION AS AN ACT OF CIVILIZATION OR ACT OF CULTURE: DILEMMA OF IDENTITY CHOICE
The author distinguishes civilization as a technical success and culture as a spiritual success. The paper emphasizes the deliberate reduction of time for reflection, which has as consequences lightheadedness, inaccuracy of thought, and enlarges the space for manipulation. Law and pedagogy are the art of argumentation. Although they have ontological limit, they both can be allies of virtue.
TESTING THE TEACHERS 'ASSIGNMENTS ON THE APPLICATION AND IMPORTANCE OF REFLECTIVE PRACTICES IN THE TEACHING GEOGRAPHY
The subject of the research of this paper is the theoretical and empirical research of the characteristics of the reflexive practice of geography teachers in secondary schools of the Republic of Srpska, the application of reflexive practice in the teaching of geography and the influence of reflexive practice on the teaching process. Reflexive practice, adopted as a structure of thinking, leads the teacher to reconsider what needs to be changed in his own teaching and pedagogical practice. The basic hypothesis is based on the fact that reflexive practice is very important for the work of teachers and has great influence on the improvement of methodical practice. The auxiliary hypothesis is based on the fact that the discovery and analysis of the characteristics of reflexive practice is a prerequisite for improving the quality of the teaching process. In the research, we applied a survey technique based on questions about the teachers' personal attitudes about the application and significance of reflexive practice. The sample included 40 secondary school teachers on the territory of Republika Srpska. The character of the subject, subject, tasks and hypotheses of the research influenced the selection of appropriate research methods primarily descriptive and mathematical-statistical with the application of the Likert scale. The obtained results indicate that there is a reflection in the work of geography teachers, they are aware that reexamining teaching and thinking about it influences the improvement of their teaching practice, the promotion of the educational institution in which they work, and, most of all, the students and improving their achievements.
Copyright (c) 2018 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0